Afghan

Titik Nol 202: Negeri Berselimut Debu

Dua pemuda ‘modern’ Afghan dari negeri berselimut debu (AGUSTINUS WIBOWO) “Apa yang kau cari di Afghanistan?” tanya pria muda ini, di sebuah sudut gelap ruang tunggu visa di kantor konsulat Afghanistan di Peshawar. Ruangan itu kotor. Selapis debu tebal menyelimuti lantai. Pemuda itu kemudian mencolekkan tangan kanannya di atas lantai. “Kamu mau melihat Afghanistan? Lihat saja tanganku. Kamu lihat debu ini? Kamu sudah melihat Afghanistan. Cukup. Di sana cuma ada debu!” Debu-debu beterbangan bersama hembusan napasnya. Saya terbatuk-batuk. Kantor konsulat Afghanistan dipenuhi orang Afghan. Mereka berpakaian mirip orang Pakistan, tetapi punya kebiasaan aneh suka menggigit syal yang melingkari leher. Tidak ada orang asing lainnya. Visa Afghan tidak sulit. Datang pagi hari, sore bisa diambil. Harganya cuma 1 dolar per hari. Mau enam bulan, satu tahun, berapa pun boleh, asal punya duitnya. Tetapi kemudahan visa ini tidak serta merta mendatangkan ribuan rombongan turis ke Afghanistan. Situasi keamanan sejak serangan Amerika di negara itu semakin lama semakin memburuk. Baru-baru ini ada kerusuhan besar di Kabul. Bom bunuh diri juga mulai marak. Semakin jarang petualang yang berani menjelajah negeri itu dalam kondisi seperti ini. Wahid, pemuda itu, berumur 25 tahun. Kulitnya putih bersih dan wajahnya tampan. Bahasa Inggrisnya sangat fasih, seperti belajar di [...]

June 2, 2015 // 7 Comments

Titik Nol 200: Sebuah Desa di Pinggiran Peshawar

Bocah-bocah Safed Sang di atas keledai (AGUSTINUS WIBOWO) Di desa kecil Safed Sang, di pinggiran kota Peshawar, saya melewatkan malam dengan para pemuda Pathan. Salah seorang pemuda itu bernama Ziarat Gul, artinya ‘bunga ziarah’. Umurnya baru 19 tahun. Wajahnya lebar. Bola matanya besar. Hidungnya mancung. Garis wajahnya kuat. Tubuhnya tinggi dan kekar. Kulitnya putih bersih, jauh lebih putih untuk ukuran orang Punjabi atau Sindhi. Ziarat adalah etnis Pashtun, atau dalam bahasa Urdu disebut Pathan. Orang Pashtun juga sering disebut Afghan, suku bangsa dari Afghanistan. Perjumpaan saya dengan Ziarat sebenarnya tak disengaja. Dua bulan sebelumnya, saya sedang berkonsentrasi di depan komputer di sebuah warnet. Ziarat, yang duduk di sebelah saya, memandangi lekat-lekat. Terus-menerus mengajak bicara sampai saya tak bisa konsentrasi. Setengah jam berikutnya, datanglah Lam Li si petualang Malaysia. Mata Ziarat langsung beralih ke arah tubuh wanita itu. Di Pakistan, kaum pria bisa sampai melotot memandang tanpa lepas jika melihat kemolekan wanita, yang terbalut jubah dan jilbab sekali pun. Betapa kecewanya Ziarat ketika tahu sekarang hanya tinggal saya yang ada di Pakistan. Lam Li sudah menyeberang ke Afghanistan, sehingga tak ada lagi kesempatan baginya berkenalan. Tetapi ia tetap membulatkan tekad untuk mengajak saya mengunjungi desanya yang bernama Safed Sang. Peshawar, terletak [...]

May 29, 2015 // 2 Comments

Titik Nol 147: Turun Gunung

Kota Muzaffarabad pasca gempa (AGUSTINUS WIBOWO) Setiap seminggu atau sepuluh hari, kami mendapat giliran sekali ‘turun gunung’ ke Muzaffarabad. Sebuah kesempatan untuk melepaskan kejenuhan bekerja di pedalaman. Juga kesempatan untuk berhubungan dengan dunia luar, atau setidaknya bertelepon ria dengan sanak saudara di luar sana. Perjalanan dengan jip dari Noraseri tidak selalu lancar. Jalan sempit menukik lancip di pinggang gunung seringkali tertimbun batu dan pasir dari longsoran, gara-gara hujan lebat semalam. Mobil kami berlari sambil melompat, sementara di bawah sana jurang menganga dalam. “Ayo, sekarang kamu hapalkan puisi ini,” kata Aslam, “Puisi ini wajib hukumnya di Kashmir. Namanya Qaumi Tarana, Syair Kebangsaan.” Walaupun berkibar bersama bendera Pakistan, Azad Kashmir bukan Pakistan. Selain punya bendera, lagu kebangsaan, sendiri, ternyata ada puisi kebangsaannya juga. Baris-barisnya mudah diingat, sajaknya cantik, dan maknanya sederhana. Baghon aur baharonwalla (taman dan musim semi) Daryaon aur kohsaronwalla (sungai dan pegunungan) Jannat ki nazaronwalla (pemandangan surgawi) Jammu Kashmir hamara (Jammu dan Kashmir milik kita) Watan hamara, Azad Kashmir, Azad Kashmir, Azad Kashmir! (Tanah air kita, Kashmir merdeka!) Jalan utama Muzaffarabad yang tetap ramai (AGUSTINUS WIBOWO) Syair ini menyebut keindahan negeri Kashmir – taman, musim semi, sungai, gunung, dan pemandangan surgawi. Saya masih bersusah payah menghafal larik-larik syair itu. Di [...]

March 17, 2015 // 4 Comments

Titik Nol 125: Urdu

Urdu ditulis dengan huruf Arab bergaya Nastaliq yang cenderung vertikal ke bawah. Perhatikan pulah bentuk hamzah yang berbeda di akhir kata ‘Allah’ (AGUSTINUS WIBOWO) “Itu bahasa Urdu, bukan bahasa Hindi!” kata seorang bocah Pakistan protes. Dia meminta saya menyanyikan lagu bahasa Hindi. Saya menyanyikan sebaris lagu soundtrack film Salman Khan terbaru, Mujhse Shadi Karogi. Si bocah mengira saya berbohong. Ia tak tahu kalau bahasa Urdu dan Hindi hampir sama. Memang tak banyak orang sadar bahwa bahasa Urdu dan Hindi adalah dua bahasa yang serupa, kalau tidak bisa dikatakan sebagai satu bahasa yang sama dengan nama berbeda. Orang biasa melihat hurufnya saja yang berbeda.. Hindi ditulis dengan huruf Sansekerta Devnagari, sedangkan Urdu ditulis dengan huruf Arab-Persia dengan gaya Nastaliq yang cenderung vertikal ke bawah. Tetapi huruf dan bahasa adalah hal yang berbeda. Kenyataannya, kita tidak mudah membedakan seseorang bicara bahasa Urdu atau bahasa Hindi. Kedekatannya melebihi kemiripan bahasa Indonesia dengan Malaysia yang perbedaan aksen dan pelafalannya sangat kentara. Yang membedakan tuturan Urdu dan Hindi adalah pilihan kosa katanya. Untuk kata-kata tertentu, bahasa Hindi lebih memilih kata dari Sansekerta, sedangkan Urdu kaya akan kosa kata Arab dan Persia. Bukan hanya kita yang awam, bahkan orang Pakistan dan India pun banyak yang tak [...]

February 13, 2015 // 12 Comments

Titik Nol 84: Ajmer Sharif

Selamat datang di dunia Jain. (AGUSTINUS WIBOWO) Sebelas kilometer dari Pushkar yang menjadi kota sucinya umat Hindu, Ajmer Sharif adalah salah satu kota paling suci bagi umat Muslim India. Di sini, guru Sufi Chishsti bersemayam dan raja-raja Afghan menghancurkan patung-patung berhala Jain. India, walaupun namanya Hindustan dan mayoritas penduduknya beragama Hindu, bukanlah negara Hindu. Di sini, beragam agama dan kepercayaan kuno terlahirkan, jauh sebelum datangnya Kristen dan Islam. Jain, agama asli India sudah ada sejak beratus tahun sebelum Masehi, masih hidup hingga hari ini, dengan sisa-sisa kebesaran masa lalunya. Kuil Merah Nasiyan di kota Ajmer membuat saya ternganga. “Seumur hidupmu, engkau tak akan pernah melihat tempat seindah ini,” kata bapak tua penjual karcis. Ia benar. Saya tak pernah begitu terpesona melihat sebuah kuil seperti saat ini. Ruang utama Nasiyan disebut Swarna Mandir, Kuil Emas, karena segala sesuatu yang berkilau di sini adalah … emas. Sebuah negeri dongeng, penafsiran dunia dalam mitologi Jain, kota kuno Ayodhya dan Prayoga, terukir dari seribu kilogram emas murni setinggi bangunan dua lantai. Negeri antah berantah ini dijuluki Swarna Nagari – Negeri Emas. Ada istana berkubah besar dengan raja dan hulubalangnya. Ada pandita Jain sekte Digambar yang tak berpakaian sama sekali. Ada para penari wanita dengan [...]

September 18, 2014 // 1 Comment

#1Pic1Day: Bekerja di Bawah Tanah | Working Underground (Kerman, IRAN, 2008)

Working Underground (Kerman, IRAN, 2009) Bordering with warring and unstable Afghanistan, Iran has harbored millions of refugees coming from its troublesome neighbor. With their own burden of economic hardship and national security, Iranian government has to impose severe restrictions against Afghan immigrants. Job opportunities to the Afghans in Iran are limited to informal sector, and children are not allowed to go to Iranian schools. Security check is also frequent towards the Afghans, as Iran has put strict time limit for the immigrants to go back to their country. Despite of all the restrictions, Iran still receives huge influx of illegal immigrants from Afghanistan, as they still regard Iran is still promising economically compared to their war-torn homeland. Bekerja di Bawah Tanah (Kerman, IRAN, 2009) Berbatasan langsung dengan Afghanistan berarti Iran harus menampung jutaan pengungsi dari negara tetangganya yang selalu problematik itu. Dengan beban ekonomi yang berat dan juga alasan keamanan nasional, pemerintah Iran terpaksa menerapkan pembatasan yang ketat terhadap imigran Afghan. Kesempatan kerja orang Afghan di Iran dibatasi di bidang informal, dan anak-anak mereka tidak boleh bersekolah di sekolah Iran. Pemeriksaan polisi sangat sering dilakukan terhadap orang Afghan, dan Iran telah menetapkan batas waktu yang jelas supaya para imigran Afghan [...]

September 17, 2013 // 8 Comments

Garis Batas 7: Menuju Khorog

GUNUNG, SALJU, AWAN TAJIK — Berpetualang di Tajikistan, perpaduan antara gunung, salju, awan, dan sejumput keberanian (AGUSTINUS WIBOWO) Saya teringat gurauan orang Afghan tentang tiga barang yang paling murah di Tajikistan – meva, piva, dan beva. Buah, bir, dan janda. Yang dimaksud dengan ‘janda’ adalah gadis-gadis Tajik yang bebas pergaulannya. Selain cantik, perempuan Tajikistan juga tangguh tak kepalang. Jalan naik turun gunung memaksa mobil berkali-kali mogok. Barang bawaan yang diikatkan di atas kap mobil juga beberapa kali terlempar jatuh. Di bawah hujan rintik-rintik, para gadis dengan cekatan memunguti bagasi. Ibu tua dengan kekuatan ototnya ikut mendorong mobil. Jalan yang menghubungkan Dushanbe ke Khorog hingga Kyrgyzstan bernama jalan M-41. Nama kerennya adalah Pamir Highway. Lewat barisan gunung tinggi yang seperti tak tertembus ini, ternyata jalannya beraspal mulus, walaupun ada sedikit bolong-bolong yang mungkin baru muncul setelah Tajikistan merdeka dan kegagalan ekonomi terus mendera. Saya jadi mengagumi kedigdayaan Uni Soviet, yang masih memberi perhatian ke tempat paling terpencil di mantan negara raksasa itu. Tajikistan tak lebih dari ujung kukunya Uni Soviet, tetapi juga pernah menjadi pusat kegiatan basmachi, pemberontakan umat Muslim terhadap rejim komunis. Dan Pamir, siapa yang peduli tempat terpencil yang dikurung gunung-gunung ini? Tetapi nyatanya, jalan beraspal yang mulus juga [...]

June 6, 2013 // 0 Comments

Bam – The Flattened Civilization

From what is left, you still can be amazed by the grandeur of an advanced ancient civilization 27 December 2003, the small town of Bam – located in southeastern Iran, about 300 kilometers from Kerman – was shocked by 6.8 Richter-scale earthquake. More than 40,000 were killed. Asides of the human casualty, Iran has another thing to grieve, as one of its civilization jewels was nothing but flattened. The ancient mud city of Bam used to be one of the strongest tourism magnets in Iran. People claimed it has 3,000 years of history, at least from the Sassanian period. Thousands of interesting old mud houses, sprawl under a giant mud citadel, giving exotic fairytale impression. I adore the old pictures of Bam, which are still hanged everywhere to remind how majestic the place used to be. But, the view of Arg-e-Bam (the ancient citadel surrounded by the mud city) today makes me weeping. The place is in severe desolation. The citadel which was appraised by Marco Polo and other ancient travelers now turned to be rubble. The old town become sad crumbling remains and debris. Workers are everywhere, hoping to restore the old town to its ancient glory, but not [...]

June 14, 2008 // 0 Comments

Tehran – Turkmen Visa (4)

Finally… the Turkmen visa. Only for five days though. Among the transports that somehow had become my routine in Tehran due to the Turkmen embassy visits, the shared taxi trip today might be the most interesting trip. In Tehran, shared taxi is much more common compared to the usual taxi we have in Indonesia. Shared taxi is a taxi which travel on same routes all time and may take up to 4 passengers. By this way, people travel comfortably with cheap price. Unlike most chances in traveling in the Islamic Republics, in a shared taxi a woman can sit next to a male passenger. I often got interesting stories from other passengers. In Iran, compared to Afghanistan and Pakistan, there is much more space of freedom of communication between men and women. I flagged down a taxi. There were three female passengers in the taxi. All were middle aged. The woman sat on the front seat was surprised that I spoke Farsi. She asked where I learned Farsi. I said I used to live in Afghanistan. Suddenly the woman sitting next to me hugged me and kissed me. “Seriously??? You lived in Afghanistan?” That is my homeland. O Afghanistan, my [...]

March 13, 2007 // 2 Comments

Tehran – Flying West

March 1, 2007 The Iran Air midnight flight from Kuala Lumpur to Tehran was surprisingly crowded. The Iranian passengers came with loads of their luggage – seemed to be enormous number of shopping goods during their holiday in Malaysia – queued in font of the check-in counters in Kuala Lumpur’s new, modern international airport. Iranians were always as what I have knew before, curious and friendly as usual. It was not hard for me to start conversations with other passengers. First there was a woman who just finished her shopping holiday. Then there was another man who had to open his carry-in luggage (as the police saw him bringing too many powders in his suitcase but it seemed that the man was too obsessed in buying milk powder, instant coffee, instant juice, and all other powder drinks – strange things to buy from a country as far away as Malaysia). While waiting in the crowded, messy lounge (somehow didn’t match the modernity of KL International Airport), I chatted with Omid, a 30 year-old-man who had been working for more than 7 years in Malaysia but spoke only a few Malays sentences. We chatted in English and Farsi. “This plane is [...]

March 1, 2007 // 1 Comment

Vrang – Life in Vrang

Green, peaceful, and lazy … Vrang Travelling in Tajikistan side of the Wakhan Corridor was as difficult as in Afghanistan side. Public transport was rare, the oil price got higher as the altitude got higher. It was 3.50 Somoni per liter of petrol here. No one was sure when the coming transport would come. And even when it came, it was often full, no space to share. It was indeed luck to be able to travel according to what one has planned. I was patient enough even though I worried about my short visa. Dr Akhmed was a doctor in Tughoz. I was waiting for transport to Vrang, 5 km away from tughoz, in his hospital. As the main doctor in this village, he earned only 50 Somoni per month. You would go nowhere with that amount of money in Tajikistan. But everybody was optimistic with his life. Working with little income was still better rather than begging on the streets. I have heard beggars in Jakarta could earn at least 60 dollars per month, about 280 Somoni, or 4 times higher than Dr Akhmed’s income. You need a lot of money and bunch of patience to travel in Tajikistan. [...]

October 25, 2006 // 0 Comments

Dushanbe – Greetings from Tajik Capital

Stamps of independent Tajikistan still use Russian Cyrillic alphabet along with Latin. They portrays local heros and culture, also other colorful cartoonish and big stamps with unrelated topics for collectors, like: outer space, Euro football competition, Elvis Presley, Bruce Lee and panda Finally, I arrived in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. The Tajik border is located across the river from the Afghan port of Shir Khan Bandar. It’s an expensive fare of 10 dollars per person to cross the river by boat. The Tajik immigration is located somewhere further, and it was another 1 dollar to reach the immigration office by bus. And they still charged 5 dollars for luggage checking (customs). I befriended the old customs officer. We talked in Farsi and he was so happy looking at Indonesian photos. Actually he already signaled me to leave soon after the custom check, that way I could avoid the 5 dollar fee. But I really didnt know about the 5 dollar game, and I insisted to get a registration slip from him, as I presumed in Central Asia if you leave the country without the slip, you will have problem. He told me that for Tajikistan, registration slip would only [...]

October 7, 2006 // 0 Comments

Peshawar – Afghanistan Miayam

The guys in Afghan consulate in Peshawar My trip in Pakistan is about to finish, the six months of time, seemingly long enough, is still not enough for me to visit even all of the provinces of Pakistan. And I still feel very hard to leave this country in very near future. But the journey has to go on, and the next trip is Afghanistan. Afghanistan Miiayam, in Farsi means Afghanistan, I’m coming. I have got the visa easily from its consulate in Peshawar. It cost 1$ per day, and I applied for three month visa which cost me 90$. Mr Rasuli, the visa officer, said that the visa started from the date of issue, but it seems that after confirmation with other traveller, the visa started from the date of entry and not the date of issue. I think that there is even miscoordination between the government and the visa officer of the country. I picked my visa at 3 pm. There were to Afghans sitting, also waiting for their passports. One of them thought I was from Afghan (I dressed in shalwar qamiz) and the other was sure I was foreigner. Then to make confirmation they started to [...]

June 5, 2006 // 2 Comments