religion

Penulis Indonesia Meriset tentang Islam dan Jawanisme di Kalangan Orang Jawa

Wawancara dengan surat kabar Suriname, De Ware Tijd (DWT) mengenai riset saya tentang agama-agama Islam dan Jawanisme (Kejawen) di kalangan diaspora Jawa di Suriname. Orang Jawa Muslim Suriname terdiri atas dua golongan utama, yaitu yang salatnya menghadap ke barat (Islam madep ngulon) dan yang menghadap ke timur (Islam madep ngetan atau ngiblat). Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, muncul agama baru di tengah konflik antara dua golongan Muslim ini, yaitu agama Jawanisme. Artikel ini diterjemahkan dari bahasa Belanda. Teks Charles Chang De Ware Tijd (Suriname), Rabu 21 Juni 2017 Dia telah menulis tiga buku, dan buku ketiganya akan difilmkan di Indonesia. Topik-topik tulisan Agustinus utamanya adalah tentang kehidupan di daerah perbatasan negara dan bagaimana orang-orang hidup dengan garis batas. Pencariannya untuk jawaban bagi buku keempat membawanya ke Belanda, di mana sebagai seorang Indonesia dia otomatis berhubungan dengan diaspora Jawa Suriname. Ketika dia mendengar tentang Islam-hadap-barat dan Islam-hadap-timur di Suriname, dan juga tentang makna Jawanisme (agama Jawa), dia menjadi sangat tertarik. Selama dua bulan risetnya di Suriname, dia telah membuat sejumlah penemuan yang menakjubkan. “Itulah indahnya menjadi seorang penulis perjalanan, karena pekerjaan ini membuat kita bisa menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan dalam diri kita,” kata Wibowo (35) tentang pekerjaannya. Sebagai seorang sarjana ilmu komputer, ini adalah [...]

July 8, 2020 // 43 Comments

DWT Suriname: Indonesian Writer Researches on Islam and Javanism among the Javanese

An interview with a Surinamese newspaper, De Ware Tijd, on my research on Islam and Javanism religions among the Javanese diaspora in Suriname. The Javanese Muslims are divided into two main groups, those who pray towards the west (the west-prayers) and those who pray towards the Mecca (the east-prayers). In the last few decades, a new religion emerged amidst the conflict between the west-prayers and the east-prayers–Javanism. The article is in Dutch. Indonesische schrijver onderzoekt islam en javanisme bij Javanen Tekst Charles Chang De Ware Tijd, woensdag 21 juni 2017 Hij heeft reeds drie boeken geschreven, waarvan de derde wordt verfilmd in Indonesië. Agustinus Wibowo’s topics gaan vooral over het leven op de grens tussen twee landen en hoe de mens zich daarin profileert. Zijn zoektocht naar antwoorden voor zijn vierde boek brengt hem naar Nederland, waar hij als Indonesiër automatisch de Surinaamse Javaanse diaspora tegenkomt. Wanneer hij hoort over de west- en oostbidders in Suriname en wat het javanisme inhoudt, raakt hij geboeid. Tijdens zijn twee maanden onderzoek in Suriname doet hij enkele markante ontdekkingen. “Dat is het mooie van een travel writer, het levert antwoorden op je vragen,” zegt Wibowo(35) over zijn beroep. Als afgestudeerde voor computerwetenschap is [...]

May 22, 2020 // 15 Comments

Daru September 6, 2014: Jesus is a Black Man

Papua is the center of the world, the God’s sacred and chosen nation. The day will come, when the black people no longer be the slaves, and the whites in turn will be the slaves of the blacks. That’s how Dogen Molang sees the future of the earth, based on the ancient story he believes. He is now conducting a secret yet important research. That is, to prove that Jesus was a black Papuan man. Mr. Molang is an enthusiastic man in his forties, a respected English teacher in the Daru High School—the only high school on the tiny island of Daru, the former capital of the isolated Western Province of Papua New Guinea. The first time I met him, he came with thick photocopy thesis of an Australian researcher about the border area of Papua New Guinea. In one chapter of his thesis, Kevin Murphy the researcher described the folktales of different tribes in the area on how the universe was created. The stories captivated Molang very much, and made him jump to the conclusion: that Jesus were born here, in the land of the Papuans. “We believe that the creation story is our story,” he said, “But our [...]

September 18, 2015 // 2 Comments

My Healing with Vipassana (3): The Art of Simple Life

The Vipassana experience was magical for me as I could now sense the sensation of the surface of my whole body, from top of the head to toe. I could sense the interior of my body. My left brain, my right brain, my stomach and my intestines, my bones… all were producing never-ending subtle vibrations. I could even sense the parts of the body when I was sleeping. When I was dreaming, it was more like watching a movie rather than being involved in the actions of the fantasy. At this point, the meditation was not merely about sitting anymore. When we take breath, we meditate. When we walk, we meditate. When we eat and drink, we meditate. Even when we sleep, as long as the awareness is there, we also meditate. By Day 6, I started to notice small details I used to neglect. I started to see the movement of grass and leaves of the trees, appreciate the freshness of the air and the beauty of the occasional noise from the neighborhood, and be thankful to all my weaknesses and flaws, all achievements and failures, all happy and sad moments in my life. All the findings and the [...]

May 12, 2015 // 15 Comments

#1Pic1Day: Sacred Ritual in Sacred Site

Sacred Ritual in Sacred Site A religious leader is preparing to attend a sacred ritual to welcome the arrival of spring, which comes together with the Persian New Year of Naoruz, in the sacred mausoleum of Caliph Ali in Mazar-e-Sharif. Upacara Suci di Makam Suci Seorang imam bersiap mengikuti upacara suci untuk menyambut datangnya Tahun Baru Naoruz di makam suci Hazrat Ali di Mazar-e-Sharif. [...]

March 21, 2014 // 0 Comments

#1Pic1Day: Biksu Muda | Young Monk (Tibet, 2005)

Young Monk (Tibet, 2005) A young monk of Yellow Hat Sect (Gelugpa Sect) is preparing for chanting session in Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse, Tibet. The Tashilhunpo Monastery is the traditional seat of Panchen Lama, the second highest rank after the Dalai Lama in Gelugpa Tibetan Buddhism. Biksu Muda (Tibet, 2005) Seorang biksu muda dari Sekte Topi Kuning (Gelugpa) bersiap beribadah di kuil Tashilhunpo, di kota Shigatse. Kuil Tashilhunpo dalam tradisinya adalah tempat kedudukan Panchen Lama, orang kedua terpenting sesudah Dalai Lama dalam agama Buddha Tibet. [...]

February 17, 2014 // 3 Comments

#1Pic1Day: A Kazakh Muslim Wedding (Mongolia, 2009)

Muslim Wedding (Mongolia, 2009) A Muslim Kazakh bride in westernmost corner of Mongolia is preparing for nikah, legalization of marriage held by Muslim religious leader. The Kazakhs are predominantly Muslim minority groups inhabiting western Mongolia, especially in the province of Bayan Olgii. Most of the wedding ceremonies here are held in Western (Russian) way, as it comes simpler and cheaper. In Kazakh wedding in Mongolia, vodka is always present. The father of this bride even held a cup of vodka in his hand, praying by reading Bismillah (in the name of Allah) to all guests. The mother of the bride then stood up, saying gratitude to all guests while wailing and weeping, and finished the vodka all at once. Pernikahan Muslim (Mongolia, 2009) Seorang pengantin Muslim Kazakh di ujung paling barat Mongolia sedang bersiap melangsungkan akad nikah. Pernikahan di sini lebih sering dilangsungkan dalam cara barat atau Rusia daripada cara tradisional (yang lebih rumit dan mahal). Dalam pernikahan Kazakh di Mongolia, vodka tidak boleh absen. Ayah pengantin perempuan ini bahkan sempat mengangkat secawan vodka, mengucap Bismillah irrahman irrahim, dan berterima kasih kepada semua tamu yang hadir. Disambung dengan ibunya yang berdiri, berterima kasih sampai menangis-nangis, dan menenggak habis satu cawan [...]

February 12, 2014 // 8 Comments

#1Pic1Day: Agama Tradisional | Traditional Religion (Mongolia, 2009)

Traditional Religion (Mongolia, 2009) Buddhism was the main religious tradition in Mongolia, affected every aspect of life of the nation, including culture, politics, history and economy. Tibetan Buddhism spread massively in Mongolia during the 16th century. Seventy years of communism in the country during the 20th century has led to decreasing impact of Buddhism tradition among the Mongols. In recent years, though, Mongolia has witnessed the revival of Buddhism. Temples have seen more visitors flocking, and there are more youngsters choose to be monks. The government has decreed Buddhism as “traditional” religion. Recently, Buddhist leaders in the country have been struggling hard to survive amidst aggressive Christianization programs by foreign missionaries. Agama Tradisional (2009) Agama Buddha pernah menjadi tradisi religius utama di Mongolia, memengaruhi setiap aspek kehidupan di negeri itu, termasuk kultur, politik, dan religius. Penyebaran agama Buddha Tibet secara massal di Mongolia terjadi pada abad ke-16, dan sempat meredup selama 70 tahun komunisme di negeri itu pada abad ke-20. Dalam beberapa tahun belakangan, Mongolia mengalami kebangkitan kembali agama Buddha, ketika kuil-kuil kembali ramai, dan semakin banyak generasi muda yang menjadi biksu. Buddhisme ditetapkan pemerintah sebagai agama “tradisional”. Belakangan ini, organisasi dan pemuka Buddhis di negara itu harus berjuang keras [...]

February 3, 2014 // 4 Comments

The Color is Red (Chinese New Year in Jakarta, 2014)

The Chinese Indonesians welcomes the arrival of Chinese New Year 2014. During the Suharto regime, the celebration of Chinese New Year in public was forbidden. But today, about a dozen years since the government allowed the Chinese community to celebrate their festivals and traditions openly, red is in full swing, red has become the dominating color in temples and shopping malls, on clothes and decorations, on the altar of Buddhist gods and on the lanterns and on the dragon masks. In Indonesia, the Chinese New Year is associated with religion. Indonesia is the only country in the world recognizing Confucianism as one of its state religions, and the Chinese New Year is regarded as religious holiday of Confucianism (as religious holidays are national holidays, thus it becomes nationwide holiday). While in China they say, “Happy Lunar New Year 2014”, in Indonesia they say, “Happy Lunar New Year 2565”, with 2565 is counted from the birthday of Confucius, the prophet of Confucianism. The Chinese believe that rain during the Chinese New Year will brings good fortune. In their ancestral land, Chinese New Year signifies the arrival of spring, and as they say, “Rain in spring is as worthy as oil”, the [...]

February 1, 2014 // 7 Comments

#1Pic1Day: Tibetan Muslim (China, 2010)

Tibetan Muslim (China, 2010) Tibetan Muslim women pass through Niujie Street in Beijing. Niujie (the “Ox Road”) is the biggest and oldest Muslim quarter in Beijing. China has dozens of Muslim ethnic groups, but the number of Muslims among Tibetans is actually very low. They inhabit some little villages in northern part of Tibet. Their costumes combine Tibetan dress with Islamic veil. These women came to Beijing as they are preparing to fly to Saudi Arabia for the annual holy pilgrimage. Muslim Tibet (China, 2010) Para perempuan Muslim Tibet sedang melintas di jalan Niujie, Beijing. Niujie (“Jalan Sapi”) merupakan daerah komunitas Muslim terbesar dan tertua di kota Beijing. China memiliki puluhan etnis minoritas yang menganut agama Islam, namun jumlah umat Muslim di kalangan etnis Tibet sangatlah minim. Mereka mendiami beberapa dusun kecil dan terpencil di bagian utara Tibet. Dalam hal berpakaian, mereka pun memadukan baju tradisi Tibet dengan kerudung. Para perempuan ini datang ke Beijing karena mereka bersiap terbang ke Mekkah untuk naik haji. [...]

January 28, 2014 // 5 Comments

#1Pic1Day: Masjid Gaya China | Mosque in Chinese Style (2010)

Mosque in Chinese Style (2010) Niujie Mosque is the oldest mosque in Beijing, built in 996 during the Liao Dinasty, but most of the buildings we see today are from the Qing Dinasty (17th century). The architecture is a mixture of Islamic and Han Chinese tradition. Niujie, which literally means “Ox Road”, is the biggest and oldest Muslim quarter in Beijing (mostly the Hui Muslims), with numerous shops and restaurants offering halal food. Masjid Gaya China (2010) Masjid Niujie adalah masjid tertua di kota Beijing, didirikan pada tahun 996 M, namun bentuknya yang sekarang utamanya adalah peninggalan dari Dinasti Qing (abad ke-17). Bangunan ini merupakan perpaduan antara seni arsitektur Muslim dan Han China. Niujie sendiri berarti “Jalan Sapi”, merupakan daerah komunitas Muslim tertua dan terbesar di Beijing (mayoritas penghuninya adalah etnis Muslim Hui), dengan barisan toko dan restoran yang menjual produk makanan halal. [...]

January 27, 2014 // 3 Comments

#1Pic1Day: Dua Tahun Sebelum dan Sesudah | Two Years Before, Two Years After (Sust, Pakistan, 2006)

Two Years Before, Two Years After (Sust, Pakistan, 2006) Two years before, I met these five girls of Sust, near the Chinese border. Two years after, again I met four of them and brought them the old photo. Can you see which girl is missing? Dua Tahun Sebelum dan Sesudah (Sust, Pakistan, 2006) Dua tahun sebelumnya, saya berjumpa dengan lima gadis Sust di dekat perbatasan Pakistan dengan China. Dua tahun sesudahnya, saya berjumpa lagi dengan empat dari mereka dan membawakan mereka selembar foto lama. Bisakah Anda melihat, gadis mana yang hilang? [...]

November 6, 2013 // 11 Comments

#1Pic1Day: Gadis-Gadis Pakistan Utara | Sisters (Sust, Pakistan, 2006)

Sisters (Sust, Pakistan, 2006) In most part of Pakistan, photographing women (including girls) have to be done cautiously, as this might be regarded as violation to their culture and religion. But in some villages in Northern Pakistan inhabited by the followers of moderate Ismaili sect of Islam, the attitude is much more laidback. Women and children might be happily showing in front of your camera if you ask politely. Gadis-Gadis Pakistan Utara (Sust, Pakistan, 2006) Di mayoritas tempat di Pakistan, memotret perempuan (termasuk anak-anak) harus dilakukan dengan sangat berhati-hati, karena bisa dipandang sebagai pelanggaran terhadap tradisi dan agama mereka. Tetapi di beberapa desa di Pakistan Utara yang dihuni umat Ismaili yang moderat, aturan ini jauh lebih longgar. Para perempuan dan anak-anak bisa bergaya ceria di depan kamera asalkan Anda minta izin dengan sopan. [...]

November 5, 2013 // 3 Comments

#1Pic1Day: Alim Ulama Bukhara | Pious Bukhara (Uzbekistan, 2007)

Pious Bukhara (Uzbekistan, 2007) A religious scholar from Tashkent studying Koran in Mir-e-Arab medressa, the oldest and biggest religious school in Uzbekistan, near the Masjid Kalon of Bukhara. Bukhara is so important in Muslim world as one of its scholars, Imam Bukhori, wrote one of the most correct interpretation of Koran and Hadith. Alim Ulama dari Bukhara (Uzbekistan, 2007) Seorang pelajar agama dari Tashkent mempelajari kitab suci Alquran di Madrasah Mir-e-Arab. Madrasah ini adalah sekolah agama terbesar dan tertua di Uzbekistan, terletak di dekat Masjid Kalon yang menjadi ikon kota tua Bukhara. Bukhara adalah tempat yang penting bagi Dunia Islam, merupakan tempat kelahiran ahli fiqih Imam Bukhari Muslim. [...]

October 2, 2013 // 1 Comment

#1Pic1Day: Gym Ala Iran | Gym, Iranian Style (Tehran, IRAN, 2009)

Gym, Iranian Style (Yazd, IRAN, 2009) The history of zurkhuneh (lit.: “house of power”) in Iran dates back far before the arrival of Islam. The muscle building activity is supported by ancient equipment, like metal bar resembling Rustam’s arc, and gigantic bowling pin like the pennants of Flinstone. But now, the zurkhune is a blending of sport and religion. While the men practice their muscles with the equipment, some other men beat drums and chant religious prayers. When the Arabs brought Islam to Iran, they also banned the Iranian-style sport as it is regarded as un-Islamic. But with strong awareness of their own identity, Iranians have survived their thousand-year-old tradition by blending it with religion, to slip away the restrictions. Gym Ala Iran (Yazd, IRAN, 2009) Sejarah zurkuneh (arti harfiahnya: “rumah kekuatan”) di Iran jauh sebelum datangnya Islam. Kegiatan membentuk otot dan badan ini didukung peralatan kuno, misalnya lempeng logam seperti busur Rustam, atau gada-gada raksasa seperti punya Flinstone. Zurkhuneh di zaman sekarang adalah percampuran kuat antara olahraga dan agama. Ketika para lelaki berlatih membentuk otot, di saat yang sama lelaki lain menabuh genderang dan melantunkan doa-doa religius. Ketika Arab membawa Islam ke Iran, mereka juga melarang olahraga khas Iran [...]

September 20, 2013 // 0 Comments

#1Pic1Day: Kota Para Syahid | City of Martyrs (Tehran, IRAN, 2009)

City of Martyrs (Tehran, IRAN, 2009) The concept of martyrdom is very important in Shia Iran. Their spiritual hero, Hussain ibn Ali, was martyred in the Battle of Karbala. Like the struggle of Hussain, Iran also regards itself as a minority defending the truth against the vice of majority. The history of Iran is full of similar stories: how the people power toppled the tyranny of Shah regime, how they were fighting against British and CIA plot, and how they are persistent defending their culture against Arab influence. Iran was involved in decade wars with the Arabs of Iraq, and now engulfed by the hegemony of America in the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and Afghanistan. With the strong concept of martyrdom, the cities of Iran are full of monuments and murals to remember the spirit of the martyrs. Kota Para Syahid (Tehran, IRAN, 2009) Konsep syahid sangat penting di negeri Syiah Iran. Pahlawan spiritual mereka, Hussain bin Ali, menjadi syahid dalam Perang Karbala melawan kebatilan Yazid. Seperti perjuangan Hussain, Iran juga memandang dirinya sebagai minoritas yang membela kebenaran melawan mayoritas yang zalim. Sejarah Iran juga penuh cerita serupa: bagaimana kekuatan rakyat berhasil menggulingkan rezim Shah, bagaimana mereka melawan plot jahat kolonialis [...]

September 19, 2013 // 0 Comments

Shakhimardan – An Uzbek Island Surrounded by Kyrgyz Mountains

Shakhimardan, an Uzbek “island” surrounded by Kyrgyzstan As artificial as any other thing in Central Asia was the border lines between the countries. The nations created by the Soviet rulers now had to be provided their homeland. Stalin might say, land populated by most Uzbek should be Uzbekistan, those inhabited by mostly Mongoloid Kyrgyz then became Kazakhstan (the Kazakh was called as Kyrgyz) and Kyrgyzstan (of which people was called as Black Kyrgyz). But the matter was not simple in the Ferghana Valley. Ferghana Valley was always a boiling pot in Central Asia. The people were renowned as deeply religious Muslim, if not fundamentalist. It was more than necessary for the Russian to divide this huge mass with the highest population density all over Central Asia. Then, besides the division of ethnics (who were Uzbek, who were Kyrgyz, and who were Tajik), there was a clever intrigue by dividing the border lands to divide the people. Then, the identity in Ferghana Valley was not single ‘Islam’ anymore, but new artificial entities of Kyrgyz, Uzbek, and Tajik. But this was not something special if it was just borderlines. Borderlines created by Stalin were so complicated, zigzagging, and nobody understood the reason. [...]

April 7, 2007 // 1 Comment

Khorog – The Capital of GBAO

Driver is a respected job in Tajikistan, especially in GBAO where most people still struggle of unemployment “Thanks to God, thanks to Aga Khan, for their kindness to us” – Mamadrayonova Khurseda The provincial capital of GBAO, Khorog, is a little town set in a valley surrounded by vertical cliffs of high mountains. It is cool and lazy, and despite of its proximity with Afghanistan, it is quite laid back. The appearance of military still can be felt intensively in the town, thanks to the neighbouring Afghanistan, which is just across the river and notorious for opium export and illegal border crossing. Young soldiers have to patrol every morning along the misty and freezing river. The 1300 km long border with Afghanistan gives much headache to Tajikistan, and its patron – Russia. Russian guards were playing a big role in ‘saving’ the war torn Tajikistan from further deterioration. But as the situation of the country had been stabilized for almost ten years now, the existence of Russian and CIS troops had been much reduced since the previous two years. If you walk along the main street of Khorog, except for the numerous militsia, police, and KGB agents, you will feel [...]

October 19, 2006 // 0 Comments

Islamabad – Mahfil-e-Naat

June 3, 2006 Hysteric sea of audience in the party of Naat Syed Abid Gilani and Syed Rashid Kazmi, both I knew from the NGO working in Kashmir earthquake, were two among the people who organized a Naat concert, or Mahfil-e-Naat in Rawal Town, an area between Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Naat is an Islamic tradition here, to chant teachings about the religion in melidious way. It’s comparable to Nashid music in Malay tradition, minus the musical instruments. So a Naat singer (actually the people dont like to say Naat as song/gana, as Naat is from Quran and even it’s melodious we should avoid calling Naat as song) will chant the religious melody, and someone might accompany him with beating background vocal and it somehow turned to be like Acapella music. The background vocal sounds like Kalimah (the holy sentence) to be pronounced over and over with a certain beat. Today, the Naat star tonight is Syed Awais Qadri. My friend said that he was the Michael Jackson of Naat. No wonder that the audience were overwhelming. The concert started at midnight, and ended at 3 am. I also like Awais Qadri’s Naat and have saved some MP3 files in my [...]

June 3, 2006 // 1 Comment

Islamabad – Friday Prayers

June 2, 2006 Most mosques are not for women I am staying in a friend’s house, whose father is quite a renowned religious leader in the country. Syed Asmat Gilani had been in Danmark and other parts of Europe in last few years, and his modern teaching of the religion had converted thousands of people to grab Islam. Today is Friday, the most important day in the week for the Muslims. Mr Asmat was invited to give speech in a mosque nearby, and he also invited me to attend the prayers. The speech was delivered in Urdu. Even not all parts of the speech that I understood, I could grab little bit of the teaching. The speech was about the soul of religion (mazhab ki ruh), that is feeling the existance of God in your heart. Religion should be from the heart. There are three phases of the religion, that are shariat (religion), tarekat (spiritual), and hakikat (truth). Somehow the teaching resembles what we learnt in Taoism, that the Truth, what they call here as Hakikat, is to be found in your inner heart. The scene of friday prayers, where hundreds of people inside the mosque, and hundreds more outside, [...]

June 2, 2006 // 0 Comments

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